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AVD is a pair of interneurons with cell bodies situated in the lateral ganglia. Anteriorly
directed processes leave the cell bodies and enter the ring sub-dorsally, where they initially run
near the inside surface of the neuropile. They move out near the outside surface as the processes
cross over on the dorsal mid-line (e) and move back to the middle of the neuropile as they
carry on round the ring. They then enter the ventral cord where they run near the middle
of the process bundle (figure 18), eventually ending in the pre-anal ganglion.
The processes of AVD are exclusively postsynaptic in the nerve ring and are lightly staining. The main
synaptic input in this region is from ASH (*c), ADL (*d), FLP (*b), PVC (*c) and AQR.
There are gap junctions to ADA (*d) and FLP. AVD is predominantly presynaptic in the
ventral cord having the same post-synaptic partners as AVE. It makes many synapses to AVA (a, b, c, d) and several to SAB (f, g), VAn (a), DAn (c) and ASn (d), usually in various dyadic
combinations. There are some striking synaptic complexes in the vicinity of the cell bodies of
the SAB neurons, where two presynaptic specializations from AVD and/or AVE (and
sometimes also AVA) occur in the same region with the processes of SAB, DA1 and VA1 sandwiched in between (f). The main synaptic input to AVD in the ventral cord is from PQR (*g), LUA (*a), PVN (*b) and PLM (*f), there are also minor inputs from AVB (*b), PHB (*c) and possibly PVW (*c). There are gap junctions to AVJ, AVM (*e) and FLP in the cord.
Magnifications: (a) x 25500, (b-d, f, g) x 17000, (e) x 12750.
AVD ventral cord synapses
partners |
gap junctions |
synapses from |
synapses to and corecipients |
AVA |
- |
2 |
7, 33AVA, 4SABV, 3DA1, 3LUA, 2DA4, 2AS11, 2SABD, 2AVD,
VA6, DA5, PVC,
AS4, ASIO, VA5, VA11, DA8, PQR, VA3, DB4, DA3 |
DA3 |
- |
- |
5,AVA |
SABV |
- |
- |
4 AVA, 2SABV |
DA4 |
- |
- |
2, 2AVA |
LUA |
- |
7m |
3 AVA |
SABD |
- |
- |
1, 2AVA |
DA1 |
- |
- |
3AVA |
DA5 |
- |
- |
2,AVA |
VA3 |
- |
- |
2,AVA |
AS11 |
- |
- |
2AVA |
AVD |
- |
- |
2AVA |
DA2 |
- |
- |
2 |
VA6 |
- |
- |
1,AVA |
ASIO |
- |
- |
1,AVA |
PQR |
- |
12 m |
AVA |
PVN |
- |
6m |
- |
DA8 |
- |
- |
AVA |
PVC |
- |
3m |
AVA |
AS1 |
- |
- |
1 |
AS4 |
- |
- |
AVA |
AVB |
- |
3m |
1 |
DA9 |
- |
- |
1 |
VA2 |
- |
- |
1 |
DVC |
- |
- |
1 |
AS5 |
- |
- |
1 |
DB4 |
- |
- |
AVA |
VA11 |
- |
- |
AVA |
VA5 |
- |
- |
AVA |
FLP |
- |
2 + 18m |
- |
PLM |
- |
1+4m |
- |
AVJ |
4 |
4m |
- |
PHB |
- |
3m |
- |
HSN |
- |
3m |
- |
AVG |
- |
1 |
- |
VA4 |
- |
1 |
- |
PHA |
- |
1m |
- |
PVW |
- |
1m |
- |
AVE |
- |
1m |
- |
AVM |
1 |
- |
- |
|
|
