Type: Interneuron
In MoW: AVD
Male Wiring Project:
AVDLh,
AVDRh,
AVDLm,
AVDRm
In Wormbase: AVD, AVDL, AVDR
Lineage: AB alaaapalr, AB alaaapprl
Location: Lateral ganglia of head
Description: One of four bilaterally symmetric interneuron pairs (AVA, AVB, AVD, and PVC) with large-diameter axons that run the entire length of the ventral nerve cord and provide input to the ventral cord motor neurons. (VA, DA) and AS motor neurons. Formerly called delta.
Neurotransmitter/ Neuropeptide:
- Acetylcholine
(Pereira et al., 2015)
Innexin expression:
- INX-6
- UNC-7
- UNC-9
(Pereira et al., 2015; Altun et al., 2009)
Receptor expression:
- GLR-1; glutamate receptor subunit
- GLR-2; glutamate receptor subunit
- GLR-5; glutamate receptor subunit
- NMR-1; glutamate receptor subunit
- NMR-2; glutamate receptor subunit
- PDFR-1; pigment dispersing factor (PDF-1) receptor
- UNC-8, a DEG/ENaC family member homologous to subunits of a candidate mechanically gated ion channel
(Wormbase; Barrios et al., 2012; Brockie et al., 2001; Tavernarakis et al., 1997; Maricq et al., 1995)
Function: Command interneuron.
- Functions as modulator for backward locomotion induced by head-touch. Drives backward movement (reversal) of the animal along with driver cell AVA neuron, AVE and A-type motor neurons. However, although AVA/AVD/AVE are important for initiating reversals, they are not essential, since worms lacking these neurons can still initiate reversals although at a reduced frequency (Piggott et al,, 2011). |
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