direct-excitatory

(Bessou C et al. 1998)

direct-excitatory

(Baldwin, E. & Moyle, V. 1949 British Journal of Pharmacology 4, 145-152)

(Pennington, A. & Martin, R.J. 1990)

(Colquhoun et al., 1991)

excitatory

(Fellowes et al., 2000)

weak inhibitory

(Holden-Dye, unpublished observations)

direct-inhibitory

(Del Castillo J. et al.,1964 Nature 203, 530-531)

(Martin, R.J. 1985)

(Holden-Dye, L. et al. 1989)

inhibitory

(Fellowes et al., 2000)

direct- inhibitory

(Avery L.1993)

(Pemberton D. et al., 2001)

indirect-inhibitory

(Davis, R.E. 1998)

inhibitory

(Fellowes et al., 2000)

direct and indirect- excitatory

(Rogers C.M., et al., 2001)

indirect- inhibitory

(Trim J.E. et al., 2001)

no consistent effect

(Fellowes et al., 2000)

indirect?-excitatory

(Holden-Dye, unpublished observations)

indirect- inhibitory

(Chen X.H. et al., 1997 Journal of Physiology-London 504P, 24-25)

indirect-inhibitory

(Rogers C.M., et al., 2001)

indirect-inhibitory

(Holden-Dye, unpublished observations)

inhibitory

(Bascal Z.A. et al., 2001)

This information is derived from experiments using in vitro muscle preparations to measure responses. N.D.- not determined. ‘direct’ or ‘indirect’ indicates whether the effect is due to a direct action on the muscle, or indirect through a neural circuit.

WA EDITORS' NOTE:

GABA is excitatory for enteric muscle in C. elegans (Reiner D.J. and Thomas J.H. 1995). Suggested excitatory GABA receptors include EXP-1 and Y46G5A.26 gene product (Beg A.A. and Jorgensen E., 2001). It has inhibitory action for body wall muscle which is carried through the inhibitory GABA receptor UNC-49 (Bamber B. A. et al, 1999)

Serotonin is excitatory for hermaphrodite reproductive muscle in C. elegans (Horvitz H.R., et al 1982)

Octopamine is inhibitory for hermaphrodite reproductive muscle in C. elegans (Horvitz H.R., et al 1982)